Fermat's problem, also ealled Fermat's last theorem, has attraeted the
attention of mathematieians far more than three eenturies. Many clever
methods have been devised to attaek the problem, and many beautiful
theories have been ereated with the aim of proving the theorem. Yet,
despite all the attempts, the question remains unanswered. The topie is
presented in the form of leetures, where I survey the main lines of work
on the problem. In the first two leetures, there is a very brief
deseription of the early history, as well as a seleetion of a few of the
more representative reeent results. In the leetures whieh follow, I
examine in sue- eession the main theories eonneeted with the problem.
The last two lee tu res are about analogues to Fermat's theorem. Some of
these leetures were aetually given, in a shorter version, at the
Institut Henri Poineare, in Paris, as well as at Queen's University, in
1977. I endeavoured to produee a text, readable by mathematieians in
general, and not only by speeialists in number theory. However, due to a
limitation in size, I am aware that eertain points will appear sketehy.
Another book on Fermat's theorem, now in preparation, will eontain a
eonsiderable amount of the teehnieal developments omitted here. It will
serve those who wish to learn these matters in depth and, I hope, it
will clarify and eomplement the present volume.